山西TT废气处理环保技术中心/整理
Shanxi TT waste gas treatment and environmental protection technology center / finishing
严格环保约束和大幅减少钢铁产量两步走，山西TT废气处理（深圳海德隆山西办）和您一同分享：
Strict environmental c***traints and a substantial reduction in steel production in two steps, Shanxi TT gas processing (Shenzhen Haidelong Shanxi Office) to share with you:
在世界上钢铁产能***集中的京津冀地区，要治理雾霾，必须大幅减少钢铁行业排放的大气污染物。而要达到钢铁行业污染物减排的目的，要两条腿走路：严格环保约束和大幅减少钢铁产量。
In the world's most concentrated steel production in Beijing, Tianjin region, to govern haze, the steel industry must significantly reduce emissi*** of atmospheric pollutants. To achieve emission reduction of iron and steel industry, strict environmental c***traints: to walk on two legs and a substantial reduction in steel production.
2016年冬季的重霾
In the winter of 2016 he***y haze
自2013年中国遭遇******严重雾霾天气以来，雾霾就成为了笼罩在国人心里挥之不去的阴影。虽然近几年***在大气污染防治方面做了大量工作，火电超低排放改造、淘汰黄标车、居民煤改电等，也取得了可喜的成果。
Since 2013, China suffered the most severe fog and haze in the history of the haze has become shrouded in the hearts of people lingering shadow. Although in recent years, the country has done a lot of work in the field of atmospheric pollution control, thermal power ultra-low emission transformation, out of yellow cars, residents of coal to electricity, etc., also achieved gratifying results.
根据***通报的资料，2016年，京津冀区域PM2.5平均浓度为71微克/立方米，与2013年相比下降33.0%。但2016年入秋以来，人们感觉到雾霾发生的频率和强度不但没有下降，甚至有不降反升的趋势。2016年11月以来,京津冀地区共发生7次持续性中到重度霾天气过程，比2015年同期偏多两次。人们对雾霾危害带来的痛苦远比统计数字更真实和强烈!
According to information released by the Ministry of environmental protection, in 2016, the ***erage concentration of PM2.5 in the region of Beijing, Tianjin and 71 micrograms / cubic meter, compared with 2013, a decrease of 33%. But since the autumn of 2016, people feel the intensity and frequency of occurrence of haze has not declined, even not fall trend. Since November 2016, the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region were 7 sustained moderate to severe haze process, partial twice more than the same period in 2015. People on the haze harm is far more real and strong than the statistics!
追根溯源，除去不可控的天气原因外，散煤、工业、机动车是公认的雾霾三大主要源头。查阅2016年关于京津冀地区大气污染防治的各种报道，可以找到大量“煤改电”、“淘汰黄标车”等关于散煤和机动车治理的数据和资料，但是关于工业污染源治理的却少之又少。
Instead, remove the weather is not controllable, bulk coal, motor vehicle industry, is recognized as the three major source of haze. Refer to 2016 reports on atmospheric pollution prevention of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, can find a large number of coal to electricity, the elimination of yellow cars "on coal and motor vehicle management data and information, but on the treatment of industrial pollution is less and less.
基于此，我们可以大胆的推测，与2015年同期相比，2016年冬季在散煤和机动车排放量均实现减排的情况下，重污染天气反而增多，那么原因只能是工业排放的污染物未能降低，甚至还出现反弹。
Based on this, we can boldly speculated that, compared with the same period in 2015, in the winter of 2016 coal and motor vehicle emissi*** to achieve emission reduction under the condition of he***y pollution weather increased, so why only failed to reduce industrial emissi*** of pollutants, and even rebound.
钢铁污染与雾霾源头如影随形
Iron pollution and haze source as the shadow follows the form
京津冀地区***具有代表性的工业行业是钢铁行业，虽然不能说钢铁行业是京津冀雾霾的罪魁祸首，但可以通过以下两个事件看出钢与霾具有较强的相关性。
The Beijing Tianjin Hebei region is the most representative of the industry's iron and steel industry, although we can not say that the steel industry is arch-criminal Tianjin haze, but through the following two events that h***e a strong correlation with steel haze.
***个是《法制日报》报道的2016年12月18-20日重污染天气红色预警期间，唐山市PM2.5骤降骤升事件。根据报道，18日晚23点，唐山市AQI指数达到491，为防止出现爆表，环保部督查组建议唐山市***对辖区内钢铁企业实施高炉焖炉50%，烧结机停机的紧急限产措施。随着紧急措施的实施，19日早8点，唐山市AQI指数降到250左右，然而仅仅10多个小时后，20日凌晨唐山市AQI指数突然爆表。经突击检查，发现唐山市部分钢铁企业在督查组离开后又重新***了生产，这直接导致了AQI指数的大幅蹿升。从这个事件，不难看出在钢铁产能高度集中的京津冀地区，钢铁企业对大气环境质量的影响不可忽视。
The first is the "Legal Daily" reported during December 2016 18-20 days of he***y pollution weather warning in red, Tangshan City PM2.5 sag swell event. According to reports, the evening of 18 23 points, Tangshan City AQI index reached 491, in order to prevent the explosion, the Ministry of environmental protection inspection team recommends that the government of Tangshan City to implement the 50% blast furnace banking within the jurisdiction of the iron and steel enterprises, emergency measures to limit production of sintering machine downtime. With the implementation of emergency measures, 19, as early as 8 points, the Tangshan City AQI index dropped to about 250, but only after about more than and 10 hours, the morning of 20 Tangshan City AQI index suddenly burst table. The spot checks found in Tangshan City part of iron and steel enterprises in the inspection group after le***ing resumed production, which leads to a sharp jump AQI index. From this event, it is not difficult to see in the steel production capacity of the highly concentrated in Beijing, Tianjin region, the impact of steel enterprises on the atmospheric environmental quality can not be ignored.
第二个是2016年***停限产措施与钢产量增加的矛盾事件。为了完成治霾的目标，2016年京津冀各地都对钢铁企业下达了采暖季停限产措施和重污染天气应急停限产措施，部分地区的停限产比例甚至高达50%。但在如此频繁的重污染天气应急情况下，京津冀及周边的河北、山西、内蒙、山东等地区的粗钢产量不降反升。以2016年11月为例，河北、山西、内蒙、山东等地区粗钢产量分别同比增加了5.32%、12.13%、18.54%、13.75%。而2016年11月末，CSPI中国钢材价格指数为90.38点，与上年同期相比上升34.19点，升幅高达60.85%。由此，可以看出，在钢材价格飞涨的2016年下半年，***的限产令并未起到应有的作用，钢产量的增加在一定程度上助推了京津冀地区2016年冬季重污染天气的频发。
The second is the 2016 government stop limit production measures and steel production increased the contradiction between events. In order to accomplish the goal of governance haze, 2016 Beijing Tianjin Hebei around the iron and steel enterprises issued a heating season stop limit production measures and he***y pollution weather emergency measures to limit production, part of the stop limit production proportion is as high as 50%. But in the case of frequent he***y pollution weather emergency, Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other regi*** of crude steel production does not fall or rise. In November 2016, for example, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shandong and other regi*** of crude steel production increased by 5.32%, respectively, year on year, 12.13%, 13.75%. And at the end of 2016 11, CSPI China steel price index was 90.38 points, compared with the same period last year, an increase of 34.19 points, an increase of up to 60.85%. Thus, we can see that in the first half of 2016 steel prices soaring, the government's limited production order did not play its due role, steel production increased to a certain extent, boosting the frequent 2016 Beijing Tianjin Hebei region winter weather he***y pollution.
霾藏在钢企何处
Haze where steel enterprises
十多年来，大力推行清洁生产、实施节能减排，作为主要工业排放源之一的钢铁行业，整体环保水平不断提升。根据中国钢铁工业环境保护统计，2015年***统计企业吨钢***排放量已由2005年的2.75kg下降至0.85kg，吨钢烟粉尘排放量也由2005年的2.11kg降至0.81kg左右，降幅分别为69.1%和61.6%。虽然单位产品主要污染物排放量下降明显，但由于下面三个原因，导致钢铁行业造成的环境影响仍不可忽视。
Over the past more than and 10 years, vigorously promote clean production, the implementation of energy-s***ing emission reduction, as one of the major industrial sources of emissi*** of the steel industry, the overall level of environmental protection continues to improve. According to the China steel industry environmental protection statistics, quantity per ton of sulfur dioxide emissi*** in 2015 key statistics by enterprises has dropped to 0.85kg 2.75kg in 2005, ***oke dust emissi*** per ton from 2.11kg in 2005 to about 0.81kg, a decline of 69.1% and 61.6%. Although the emissi*** of major pollutants in the unit product decreased significantly, but due to the following three reas***, leading to the environmental impact of the steel industry can not be ignored.
***，钢铁产量大幅增加，污染物排放总量居高不下。
First, a substantial increase in steel production, high total pollutant emissi***.
2015年中国粗钢产量8.04亿吨，与2005年相比，增幅高达127.8%，钢产量的大幅增加，完全抵消掉了钢铁企业通过实施节能减排所实现的单位产品污染物减排效果，钢铁行业污染物排放总量仍然居高不下。从历年的环境统计年报也可以看出，2005年，钢铁行业***、烟粉尘排放量分别占***工业行业的7.2%和11.6%。而2014年，这一比例大幅上升，分别为12.4%和29.3%，即在***各工业行业内，钢铁行业对大气污染的影响不但没有降低，反而大幅增加。特别是河北省钢产量从2005年的7425万吨盲目增长到2015年18832万吨，而且主要集中在唐山市和邯郸市，不仅造成大气污染更加严重，还对水土生态环境造成更大的***。
Chinese 2015 crude steel output 8.04 t***, compared with 2005, an increase of up to 127.8%, a substantial increase in steel production, fully offset the iron and steel enterprises through the implementation of pollutant emission reduction effect of unit product to realize energy s***ing and emission reduction, emissi*** of pollutants are still not high under the iron and steel industry. From the calendar year of environmental statistics can also be seen, in 2005, the steel industry sulfur dioxide, ***oke dust emissi*** accounted for 7.2% of the national industrial sector and 11.6%. In 2014, this proportion rose sharply, respectively, 12.4% and 29.3%, that is, in the country's various industrial sectors, the impact of the steel industry on air pollution has not decreased, but increased significantly. Especially Hebei Province steel production from 74 million 250 thousand t*** in 2005 blindly in 2015 increased to 188 million 320 thousand t***, and mainly concentrated in Tangshan City and Handan City, not only caused by air pollution is more serious, but also caused more damage to the ecological environment.
第二，环保水平两级分化严重，劣币驱逐良币问题亟待解决。
Second, the level of differentiation serious environmental level, bad money to expel the issue of good money to solve the problem of two.
2015年***统计企业平均、前十名平均、后十名平均以及宝钢湛江的主要大气污染物吨钢排放指标如下表所示。从表中可看出***统计企业之间的环保水平差距十分明显，落后企业吨钢排放量达到***企业的十倍，而在统计之外的小企业吨钢排放量甚至会更高，小企业大量无***排放对环境影响更恶劣。假设全行业的吨钢大气污染物排放量全部提升到宝钢湛江的水平，***钢铁行业大气污染物排放量将可以下降一半以上。
2015 key statistics ***erage, the top ten enterprises, the ***erage after an ***erage of ten and the main atmospheric pollutant emission index of Baosteel Zhanjiang steel as shown in the following table. From the table we can see that between the key statistics of enterprises environmental protection level of the gap is very ***ious, the backward enterprises reached ten times per ton of emissi*** and emissi*** per ton of advanced enterprises, ***all enterprises in statistics outside even higher, a large number of ***all enterprises in the unorganized emissi*** on the environment more bad influence. The amount of air pollutants emissi*** per ton of hypothesis of the whole industry to improve the level of all Baosteel Zhanjiang iron and steel industry, the emissi*** of air pollutants will be reduced by more than half.
更突出的问题是，在2016年各地为应对大气污染所实施的停限产行动中，真正按照***要求实施了停限产的正是那些单位产品污染物排放量低的企业，而一些环保水平较差的企业不但没有限产，产量反而大幅增加。以2016年11月产量统计为例，首钢、唐钢、邯钢钢产量分别同比下降5.64%、13.99%、7.23%；而部分企业11月钢产量同比增加20%以上。这是典型的不公平竞争，劣币驱逐良币的行为。
The problem is more prominent, in 2016 to deal with the air pollution around the implementation of the stop limit production operati***, in accordance with the requirements of the implementation of the government really stop to limit production is the low pollutant emissi*** per unit of product enterprises, and some of the environmental protection level of the enterprise not only limited production, the yield will increase. In November 2016 the yield statistics as an example, Shougang, Tang Gang, Handan steel production fell 5.64%, 13.99%, 7.23%; and some enterprises in November steel production increased by more than 20%. This is a typical unfair competition, bad money drives out good money.
第三，钢铁企业外部物流运输过程中的污染不可忽视。
Third, iron and steel enterprises in the process of external logistics transport pollution can not be ignored.
即使钢铁企业自身污染物的排放做到***小，由于钢铁工业是大进大出的资源密集型产业，钢铁企业每生产1吨钢，各种原辅燃料、产品、副产品等外部运输量将高达5吨。钢铁企业外部物流方式主要包括铁路运输、公路运输、水路运输和皮带运输等。其中，公路运输由于具有灵活方便的特点，京津冀地区大多数企业，特别是中小企业大都以公路运输为主。但公路运输产生的扬尘，重载货运卡车排放的尾气都会对环境造成污染。以唐山市为例，按唐山市粗钢产量1.2亿吨，外部运输量则为6亿吨。参照运输扬尘计算公式，重型载货柴油汽车每年会产生道路扬尘37.4万吨，产生排放颗粒物4000吨、氮氧化物3.2万吨，以及数量可观的***、碳氢化合物等其它污染物。因此，要解决京津冀地区钢铁企业的环境问题，只关注企业内部的污染治理是不够的，外部物流运输中产生的污染也不容忽视。
Even if the iron and steel enterprise's own emissi*** minimized, because the steel industry is resource intensive industries in the iron and steel enterprises, each producing 1 t*** of steel, all kinds of raw fuel, external transport products, by-products will be as high as 5 t***. The external logistics of iron and steel enterprises mainly includes railway transportation, road transportation, water transportation and belt transportation. Among them, the highway transportation has the characteristics of flexible and convenient, most enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region, especially ***all and medium-sized enterprises are mainly based on road transport. But the dust generated by road transport, he***y truck emissi*** will pollute the environment. In Tangshan City, for example, according to Tangshan City crude steel production of 1.2 t***, the external transport volume of 6 t***. According to the calculation formula of dust transport, he***y duty diesel vehicles are produced every year in road dust 374 thousand t***, 4000 t*** of particulate matter emissi***, 32 thousand t*** of nitrogen oxides, and a c***iderable amount of carbon monoxide, hydrocarb*** and other pollutants. Therefore, in order to solve the environmental problems of the steel enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province, it is not enough to only pay attention to the internal pollution control.
核心在减少钢铁产量，关键在严格环保约束
Core in reducing steel production, the key in strict environmental c***traints
在世界上钢铁产能***集中的京津冀地区，要治理雾霾，必须大幅减少钢铁行业排放的大气污染物。而要达到钢铁行业污染物减排的目的，要两条腿走路，一是严格环保约束，***大限度减少单位产品污染物的排放量；二是彻底化解钢铁产能，大幅减少钢铁产量。
In the world's most concentrated steel production in Beijing, Tianjin region, to govern haze, the steel industry must significantly reduce emissi*** of atmospheric pollutants. To achieve emission reduction of iron and steel industry, to walk on two legs, a strict environmental c***traints, to minimize emissi*** of pollutants per unit of product; two is the complete solution of iron and steel production capacity, reduce steel production.
其中，切实减少京津冀地区的钢铁产量是核心，钢铁产量减少不但可以减少钢铁企业自身的污染物排放，同时还可以减少外部物流运输的污染物排放。但是，在当前的市场形势下，如果没有严格的环保约束，要想减少钢铁产量只是空谈。
Among them, to effectively reduce the production of steel in Beijing, Tianjin region is the core, the reduction of steel production can not only reduce the iron and steel enterprises own pollutant emissi***, but also can reduce the emissi*** of external logistics transport. However, in the current market situation, if there is no strict environmental c***traints, in order to reduce the production of steel is just talk.
首先，以******企业为标杆，严格环保约束，***大限度减少单位产品排放量。
First of all, the best companies as the benchmark, strict environmental c***traints, to minimize the emissi*** per unit of product.
宝钢是我国钢铁行业的龙头企业，一说起宝钢，钢铁企业总是众口一词“宝钢我们没法比”。也许在产品开发、市场营销等方面我们允许有差距、有特色，但在环境保护方面，既然宝钢能够采用******的环保技术装备、能够实现***严格的环境管理制度、能够做到吨钢200元以上的环保成本、能够实现***小的污染物排放，那在雾霾污染如此严重的京津冀地区，没有理由不以******的环保要求来约束钢铁企业，***大限度减少钢铁企业单位产品污染物排放量。
Baosteel is China's iron and steel industry leading enterprises, speaking of Baosteel, iron and steel enterprises are all in one story "Baosteel No match for us". Perhaps in product development, marketing and other aspects of the gap, we allow the distinctive, but in the field of environmental protection, since Baosteel can adopt the most advanced environmental protection technology and equipment, to achieve the most stringent environmental management system, to achieve the minimum pollutant emissi*** per ton of 200 yuan more than the cost, can, that Beijing is so serious in haze pollution in Hebei region, there is no reason not to the most advanced environmental protection requirements to restrict the iron and steel enterprises, reduce pollutant emissi*** per unit of product of iron and steel enterprises.
其次，以排放总量约束倒逼京津冀地区钢铁产量大幅削减。
Secondly, in order to c***train the total amount of emissi*** forced Beijing, Tianjin region steel production slashed.
当前，党***、***正大力推进钢铁行业去产能工作，在***的大力督促下，行政命令可以很好的完成去产能任务。同样，通过强化环保约束，在京津冀地区以******的环保技术装备水平为依托，制定***严格的环保标准，执行***高的环保税征收税率，将所有钢铁企业统一到同样的环保水平、同样的环保成本上，倒逼装备水平低、环保治理技术落后、管理粗放、环保欠账多的企业退出京津冀地区，从而实现污染物排放总量的减排。
Currently, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council are vigorously promoting the iron and steel industry to production capacity, in the central under the supervision of the executive order can be a good completion of the production capacity of the task. Also, by strengthening environmental protection, in the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region with the most advanced level of environmental protection technology and equipment as the basis, to establish the most stringent environmental standa***, the implementation of the highest environmental tax levied tax, all steel enterprises unified to the same level of environmental protection, the same environmental costs, forced the lower level of the equipment and environmental protection technology is backward extensive management and environmental debts of the enterprises from the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, so as to achieve the total pollutant emission reduction.
***后，企业停限产应急措施应实施精准管控。
Finally, the enterprise should implement emergency measures to stop production of precision control.
雾霾治理是一个长期的过程，在雾霾得到有效控制之前，采暖季或重污染天气预警期间必须采取临时的停限产管控措施，缓解雾霾的污染程度。去年以来，京津冀地区都制定了采暖季或重污染天气预警期间的工业企业停产限方案。但在执行过程中，这些政策存在不合理的一刀切问题，无论环保水平高低，所有企业都执行同样的政策，实际取得的减排效果并不理想，也打击了环保***企业实施环保改造的积极性。
Haze governance is a long process, before the effective control in the haze, must take control measures to stop limiting the production of temporary during the heating season or weather warning of he***y pollution, alleviate pollution haze. Since last year, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region has developed a heating season or he***y pollution weather warning period of industrial enterprises to suspend production limit program. But in the implementation process, unreasonable problems exist across the board regardless of these policies, the level of environmental protection, all enterprises to carry out the same policy, the emission reduction effect is not ideal, also against the enthusia*** of the implementation of environmental transformation of advanced environmental protection enterprises.
因此，有必要对京津冀及周边地区的钢铁企业环保水平进行***评估、分级，根据环保水平高低分为绿色、***和红色三个级别。在采暖季和重污染天气预警期间，对不同级别的企业执行不同的停限产要求。通过这项工作，***，鼓励企业提升环保水平，减少单位产品污染物排放量；第二，减少重污染天气期间的钢铁产量；第三，还可以压缩落后企业的生存空间，促进京津冀地区的钢铁产能有序退出。
Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a comprehensive asses***ent of the level of environmental protection of steel enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas, according to the level of environmental protection is divided into green, yellow and red three levels. During the heating season and weather warning of he***y pollution, the implementation of different stop limit production requirements for different levels of enterprise. Through this work, first, to encourage enterprises to enhance the level of environmental protection, reduce pollutant emissi*** per unit of product; second, reduce the period of he***y pollution weather steel production; third, can also be compressed backward enterprises living space, to promote the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region steel capacity orderly withdrawal.
要真正实现强化环境硬约束来推动淘汰落后和过剩产能，建立重污染产能退出和过剩产能化解有效机制，特别是对长期超排放的企业、无治理能力、无治理意愿的企业以及达标无望的企业，依法予以关闭淘汰，彻底严格环保能耗要求，促进企业加快升级改造，实现绿色发展。
In order to realize and strengthen environmental hard c***traints to promote the elimination of backward and excess production capacity, the establishment of he***y pollution capacity and effectively resolve the overcapacity exit mechani***, especially the hopeless on long-term emissi*** of ultra enterprises, management capacity, the willingness of enterprises and non governance standa*** of the enterprise, shall be closed out in accordance with the law, strict environmental requirements to promote energy c***umption. Enterprises to accelerate the upgrading and realize green development.
治霾重在行动
Take action to cure haze
雾霾的成因十分复杂，但在钢铁产能高度集中的京津冀地区，钢铁企业的生产活动对雾霾的“贡献”不容忽视。从钢铁行业治理雾霾，必须以减少京津冀地区钢铁产量为核心，以强化环境约束、***大限度减少单位产品污染物排放量为关键抓手，***终大幅减少京津冀地区钢铁行业污染物排放总量，促进区域大气质量改善。
The cause of haze is very complex, but in the highly concentrated production capacity of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei region, the production activities of iron and steel enterprises haze contribution can not be ignored. Iron and steel industry from the haze of governance must be to reduce steel production in Beijing Tianjin Hebei region as the core, to strengthen environmental c***traints and minimize pollutant emissi*** per unit of product is the key point, eventually significantly reduce the total pollutant emission of Beijing Tianjin Hebei Iron and steel industry, promote regional air quality improvement.
尽管大幅减少钢铁产量会使区域经济局部受损，但因此而带动的环保产业健康发展，更关系到几亿人民的生存问题。孰重孰轻，不言而喻。所以，必须下大力气继续化解雾霾严重地区的过剩钢铁产能，并坚决大幅减少雾霾地区钢铁产量，真正实现***“十三五”生态环境保护规划要求的主要污染物排放总量大幅减少的目标，促进绿色发展。
Despite the substantial reduction of steel output will make local regional economic damage, but driven by the environmental protection industry healthy development, but also related to the survival of the hundreds of milli*** of people. What is more important, it is self-evident. So, must make great efforts to continue to resolve the excess steel capacity area of severe haze, and resolutely reduce haze steel production area, realize the "13th Five-Year" national ecological environment protection planning requirements of major pollutants emissi*** significantly reduce the total amount of goals, to promote green development.
作者：李新创 冶金工业规划研究院院长
Author: Li Xinchuang, director of planning and Research Institute of metallurgical industry
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